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Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba
consists of the island of Cuba (the largest of the
Greater Antilles), the Isle of Youth and adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the
northern Caribbean at the confluence of the
Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the
Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern
United States and the,west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and
Haiti and
east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and
are to the south.
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Cuba is the most populous country in the Caribbean. Its
culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal
Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of
Spanish colonialism, the introduction of
African slaves, and its proximity to the United States. The island has a
tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; however,
the warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that Cuba itself
almost completely blocks access to the Gulf of Mexico, make Cuba prone to
frequent hurricanes.
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Cuba is an archipelago of islands located in the Caribbean Sea, with the geographic coordinates 21°3N, 80°00W. Cuba is the principal island, which is surrounded by four main groups of islands. These are the Colorados, the Camagüey, the Jardines de la Reina and the Canarreos. The main island of Cuba constitutes most of the nation's land area (105,006 km² or 40,543 square miles) and is the seventeenth-largest island in the world by land area. The second largest island in Cuba is the Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Youth) in the southwest, with an area of 3056 km² (1180 square miles). Cuba has a total land area of 110,860 km².
The main island consists mostly of flat to rolling plains. At the southeastern end is the Sierra Maestra, a range of steep mountains whose highest point is the Pico Real del Turquino at 2,005 metres (6,578 ft). The local climate is tropical, though moderated by trade winds. In general (with local variations), there is a drier season from November to April, and a rainier season from May to October. The average temperature is 21 °C in January and 27 °C in July. Cuba lies in the path of hurricanes, and these destructive storms are most common in September and October. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Better known smaller towns include Baracoa which was the first Spanish settlement on Cuba, Trinidad, a UNESCO world heritage site, and Bayamo.
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